Voltage limiting devices (VLD) for Railways and other applications

Fundamental issues of electrified railways consist in the so called stray currents which are able to damage the infrastructure around the railway and pose the risk of life-threatening contact potentials that can occur on de-energised parts of the railway infrastructure in the event of faults and during normal operation of rail vehicles, endangering not only passengers and railway staff but also the electrical and electronic railway technology. Sophisticated protective elements of the voltage limiting devices (VLD) are able to respond immediately to dangerous conditions and protect people, animals and technology so that safe operation is ensured in any operating and fault situation.